Histological Assessment of Bone Regeneration in the Maxilla with Homologous
Bone Graft: A Feasible Option for Maxillary Bone Reconstruction
Sergio Henrique Gonçalves Motta, DDS, MSsD, DScD
Ana Paula Ramos Soares, DDS, MSsD
Juliana Campos Hasse Fernandes, MD
Gustavo Vicentis Oliveira Mac
Fernandes, DDS, MSsD, DSc
Abstract
Over the years, tooth loss and bone support caused by dental and periodontal diseases
and trauma can lead to significant bone loss. Oral rehabilitation can be performed with traditional prosthetics or implants. The key to rehabilitation with implant is to have sufficient bone to retain implants. The use of zygomatic, pterygoid, and nasal implants, as well as autogenous, heterogeneous, and homologous grafts, is viable and relatively safe. This study aims to demonstrate, through clinical cases with histological and clinical follow-up, the results of treatment using homologous grafts from a bone bank.
Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate bone reconstruction in the maxilla using a
homologous cortico-cancellous FFB (lyophilized) graft and verify its reliability. Eight
individuals were included from 2014 to 2018. The first surgery was performed to install
homologous bone blocks in the maxilla. The period of the second intervention varied
between 5 months and 15 days to 11 months (≈7.93 months). The biopsies were taken
from the central region of the matured graft during the surgery for implant placement. All patients presented clinical and radiographic conditions for the installation of dental
implants. The homologous block bone graft can be considered a feasible option to substitute the autogenous bone graft (gold standard), with predictable clinical and favorable histological results. The patients had a shorter surgical period, low morbidity, and an unlimited amount of biomaterial available at an accessible cost.
Learning Objectives
- Understand and establish the care that must be taken when handling soft and hard
tissues for the graft to osteointegrate. - What care must be taken with the graft regarding the type of donor area and its
fixation in the recipient area? - Histologically, what is observed compared to the gold standard autograft in the
average healing period?